Asked by: Babul Muthupalaniappan
science space and astronomy

How do you measure flatness with optical flats?

Last Updated: 17th April, 2020

26
Procedure For Making Flatness Tests
Place the work under the monochromatic light. Placeaclean piece of optical tissue (or any other cleanpaper)over the work piece. Place the optical flat on top ofthepaper; the optical flat may be on the bottom in caseswherea reflex light is used.

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In this way, how is optical flatness measured?

There are a number of ways to measuretheflatness of a surface. The most common method withintheFlat Lapping sector is by using a Monochromatic Sodiumlightunit and an Optical Flat. This gives extremelyprecisemeasurements, more accurate than mostCMMmeasurements, in an economical way.

Additionally, how do optical flats work? Interference is the principle behind theworkingof optical flats. An optical flat isplaced on asurface, in order to measure its flatness, beforeamonochromatic light is made to pass through the areaofcontact. In cases where the test surface is perfectlyflat,there will be no gap between the twosurfaces.

Subsequently, question is, how do you calculate flatness?

The flatness of a strip of steel is determinedbymeasuring the maximum deviation between a perfect straight lineandthe steel at two specified distances (t1 and t2).TheFlatness is determined by subtracting t2fromt1.

How many optical flats are there?

Explanation: Optical flats arecylindricalin shape and generally have 2 types i.e Type Aand Type B.Type A has only one surface flat.

Related Question Answers

Nouara Rauft

Professional

What is the unit of flatness?

Flatness can be a confusingsubject.I-Units is an exacting quantitativeflatnessmeasurement. It is a dimensionless number thatincorporates boththe height (H) and peak to peak length (L, or P inthe diagrambelow) of a repeating wave.

Shenna Stolowsk

Professional

What does interferometry mean?

'Interferometry' is a measurementmethodusing the phenomenon of interference of waves (usually light,radioor sound waves). In addition, interferometry is usedtodescribe the techniques that use light waves for the studyofchanges in displacement.

Arhimou Serrallonga

Professional

Does flatness need a datum?

Flatness – The condition of a surfacehavingall elements in one plane. Parallelism – The conditionof asurface, line, or axis which is equidistant at all fromadatum plane or axis. It's not rocket science. It's someofthe most basic geometry you'll needtounderstand.

Merced Mansfield

Explainer

How do you measure parallelism?

Take the measurement of theopposingsides.
Determining parallelism means finding thattwoopposing sides of an object, which are supposed to be parallel,areconsistently far apart at all positions. To test this, you needtomeasure the distance between the two surfaces atmultiplepositions.

Yarelis Baburkin

Explainer

What is meant by saying that a surface is optically flat?

Surfaces that produce uniform fringesaresaid to be optically flat - this meansthatthe surface irregularities are small relative tothewavelength of visible light.

Preslava Dunkelberger

Explainer

What is the difference between roughness and flatness?

As nouns the difference between roughnessandflatness
is that roughness is the property of beingrough,coarseness while flatness is the state ofbeingflat.

Armonia Guramurthy

Pundit

What is lapping in engineering?

Lapping is a machining process in whichtwosurfaces are rubbed together with an abrasive between them, byhandmovement or using a machine. This produces microscopicconchoidalfractures as the abrasive rolls about between the twosurfaces andremoves material from both.

Allene Siscar

Pundit

What is interferometry in metrology?

When two monochromatic light beams combine theyundergothe phenomenon of interference. Phenomenon of light used inthisway has given rise to the branch of dimensionmetrologycalled Interferometry. Interferometryinvolvestesting of flatness, surface contour, and determination ofthethickness of slip gauges, etc.

Delois Guiance

Pundit

What is Flatness in metrology?

Geometric Tolerances
Flatness. It is defined as minimumdistancebetween two planes within which all the points on a surfacelie. Asurface along which all the points lie along single plane iscalledas perfectly flat surface.

Margie Magassa

Pundit

How is flatness defined?

In manufacturing and mechanicalengineering,flatness is an important geometric condition forworkpiecesand tools. Flatness may be defined in termsof leastsquares fit to a plane ("statistical flatness"),worst-caseor overall flatness (the distance between the twoclosestparallel planes within).

Mamour Carls

Teacher

How is roundness measured?

It is defined as two concentric circles positionedtoenclose the measured profile such that theirradialdeparture is a minimum. The Out-of-Roundness value isthengiven as the radial separation of the two circles. It isdefined asthe circle of maximum radius which will be enclosed bythe profiledata.

Didi Lykin

Teacher

How is sheet metal flatness measured?

Flatness is the deviation of the surface ofasheet from a perfectly flat surface.Flatnessismeasured by placing a sheet on a horizontalflatsurface and measuring the distance to the highest pointofthe sheet from the flat surface, then subtractingthematerial thickness.

Joseph Timmers

Teacher

How do you measure perpendicularity?

Perpendicularity is measured using aheightgauge, similar to flatness, however the gauge (or part) islocked toa 90° datum to measure how perpendicular thesurface is.The entire surface has to be measured if it is aflatfeature.

Fran Sharlott

Teacher

How do you measure Cylindricity?

Cylindricity is measured by constrainingapart on its axis, and rotating it around while a heightgaugerecords the variation of the surface in several locationsalong thelength. The height gauge must have total variation lessthan thetolerance amount.

Albertine Ravier

Reviewer

How is flatness tolerance defined?

Flatness is a condition of a specifiedsurfacehaving all elements in one plane. Flatnesstoleranceprovides a tolerance zone of specified anddefined bytwo parallel planes in where the specified surfacemust lie.Flatness is applied to an individual surface,flatnesstolerance does not need to be related to adatum.

Jaume Klerx

Reviewer

What does concentricity mean?

Concentricity is a 3-Dimensionalcylindricaltolerance zone that is defined by a datum axis where allthederived median points of a referenced circular feature mustfallinto.

Stelica Tainha

Reviewer

How is flatness measured?

Gauging / Measurement:
Flatness is can be measured using aheightgauge run across the surface of the part if only thereferencefeature is held parallel. This would be measuringparallelisminstead as you are fixing the bottom of the part asadatum.

Jason Schmalhofer

Reviewer

What is optical flat in metrology?

PRECISION OPTICAL FLATS
An optical flat is a preciselypolishedflat surface, used as a reference against which theflatnessof an unknown surface may be compared. The flatness ofanoptical flat is measured in fractions of areferencewavelength, 632.8nm.

Italiano Yepez

Supporter

How do you determine parallelism and flatness?

Parallelism is quite simple tomeasure.Like flatness, a gauge is run across thereference surfaceor feature. However unlike flatness, thepart is constrainedagainst a granite block or flat plane that actsas the datumsurface where it is measured.

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