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Despite rumours to the contrary MDF has not been banned in the USA (or anywhere else), nor is it likely to be. The USA in fact uses more of it than any other county. The health effects of MDF dust are similar to those of ordinary wood dust, as described in HSE Woodworking Sheets (WS's) numbers 6 and 30.
Accordingly, is MDF banned in any countries?
HSE is not aware of any countries in the world where MDF is banned.
Similarly, it is asked, can MDF give you cancer?
When MDF is cut, sanded, shaped or machined in any way, it releases clouds of dust particles coated with formaldehyde. There is evidence that formaldehyde-exposed workers have high rates of lung cancer and (nose and throat) cancer.
Definitely avoid cutting or sanding MDF furniture, as this will release particles of formaldehyde into the air.