Asked by: Arianny Ursu
science genetics

What connects bacterial cells during the exchange of genetic material?

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Bacterial conjugation is the transferofgenetic material between bacterial cells bydirectcell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-likeconnectionbetween two cells. This takes place through apilus. Thegenetic information transferred is oftenbeneficial to therecipient.


In this regard, how do bacteria exchange genetic material?

Transduction is the transfer of DNA fromonebacterium to another by means of a bacteria-infectingviruscalled a bacteriophage. Conjugation is the transfer ofDNAby direct cell-to-cell contact that is mediated byplasmids(nonchromosomal DNA molecules).

Similarly, what is transferred during bacterial conjugation? conjugation (prokaryotes) Conjugationisthe process by which one bacterium transfersgeneticmaterial to another through direct contact. The geneticmaterialtransferred during conjugation often provides therecipientbacterium with some sort of geneticadvantage.

In this manner, which structure is involved in the genetic exchange conjugation between cells?

Conjugation. In conjugation, DNAistransferred from one bacterium to another. After thedonorcell pulls itself close to the recipient usingastructure called a pilus, DNA is transferredbetweencells. In most cases, this DNA is in the form ofaplasmid.

What are the 3 types of horizontal gene transfer?

Horizontal gene transfer may occurviathree main mechanisms: transformation, transductionorconjugation. Transformation involves uptake of short fragmentsofnaked DNA by naturally transformable bacteria.Transductioninvolves transfer of DNA from onebacterium intoanother via bacteriophages.

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What is an example of horizontal gene transfer?

The majority of examples of horizontalgenetransfer are known in prokaryotes. In bacteria, threeprincipalmechanisms can mediate horizontal genetransfer:transformation (uptake of free DNA),conjugation(plasmid-mediated transfer), andtransduction(phage-mediated transfer).

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What is the difference between transformation and conjugation?

Genetic exchanges among bacteria occur byseveralmechanisms. In transformation, the recipientbacterium takesup extracellular donor DNA. In transduction, donorDNA packagedin a bacteriophage infects the recipientbacterium. Inconjugation, the donor bacterium transfers DNAto therecipient by mating.

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What are the steps of bacterial conjugation?

The steps of bacterial conjugation are:matingpair formation, conjugal DNA synthesis, DNA transfer,andmaturation. The main structure of the F factor that allowsmatingpair formation is the F pilus or sex pilus (a long thin fiberthatextends from the bacterial cell surface).

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What is the conjugation?

Definition of Conjugation
Conjugation is the change that takes place inaverb to express tense, mood, person and so on. If we regardverbsas the action part of the speech, conjugation altersverbsto tell us who is doing the action and when the actiontakesplace.

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What is the F pilus?

F pilus in bacterial genetics, a hollowtubularpilus possessed by (male) F+ cells,thecarrier of the F plasmid (fertility plasmid). It formsaconnection with a (female) F cellinbacterial conjugation to allow the transfer of geneticmaterial.pi´li incarna´ti a condition characterized byingrownhairs.

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What is the difference between an F+ and an HFR bacterium?

F+ bacteria have a nonintegrated F plasmid,whileHfr bacteria have an F plasmid that is integrated intotheirmain chromosome. F+ bacteria have a plasmidwithonly the essential genes for conjugation, while Hfr(highfrequency recombinant) bacteria have an F plasmidthatincludes some nuclear genes.

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How is a Merozygote formed?

Merozygote. Merozygote is a state whenacell, usually bacterial, is temporarily partial diploid asresultof DNA transfer processes like conjugation. One example ofhowmerozygotes can be formed is the transfer ofgeneticmaterial of an Hfr cell to an F- cellthroughconjugation.