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Moreover, what is an overhang on a building?
An overhang in architecture is a protruding structure that may provide protection for lower levels. An overhanging eave is the edge of a roof, protruding outwards, beyond the side of the building generally to provide weather protection.
In this manner, what is the decorative band around a building called?
Frieze: A wide decorative band in the middle of an entablature or below a cornice.
The overhang is called a jetty, and the technique jettying. It helps increase the amount of available space without obstructing the street, and provides cover from bad weather. So you overhang the upper-floors to get more living space. The overhang on the castle is called a Machicolation.