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Simply so, what is DatabaseMetaData?
From a programmer's point of view, database metadata refers to data about database data or, more elaborately, the information about tables, views, column types, column names, result sets, stored procedures, and databases. Java's JDBC metadata API provides the means to retrieve that information through Java code.
Similarly, you may ask, what is ResultSetMetaData in Java?
ResultSetMetaData is an interface in java. sql package of JDBC API which is used to get the metadata about a ResultSet object. Whenever you query the database using SELECT statement, the result will be stored in a ResultSet object. You can get this ResultSetMetaData object using getMetaData() method of ResultSet.
Interface DatabaseMetaData. Comprehensive information about the database as a whole. This interface is implemented by driver vendors to let users know the capabilities of a Database Management System (DBMS) in combination with the driver based on JDBCTM technology ("JDBC driver") that is used with it.