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One's Ascendant, or Lagna, is the degree oftherāśi (or sign) and nakshatra (orconstellation)specifically the nakshatra pada (also known as thedivision of aconstellation into 4 different parts) which is risingon theeastern horizon at the time of one's birth.
In this manner, what is meant by Janma Lagna?
Lagna is a Sanskrit word referring to thezodiacalsign rising at the eastern horizon at any time. In a birthchart itrefers to the ascending sign at the time of birth, at aparticularplace. Hence it is called the Ascendant inWesternastrology.
Thereof, how is Lagna calculated?
Lagna or Ascendant is the sign that rises ontheeastern horizon when you were born that's why your time of birthisCritical. Lagna moves 1 Rashi every 2 hours. Lagnaisdetermined by Sun, so catch the Sun and you willknowwhere/what your lagna/ascendant is.
Lagna lord is the most significantplanetthat can tell everything about the native i.e. inner spiritas wellas personality. It represent the very existence of a person.Thebasic needs/events of the life and whatever one will achieveinthis life, has to be judged from the Lagna.