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Translocation Down syndrome is a type of Down syndrome that is caused when one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. In translocation Down syndrome, the extra 21 chromosome may be attached to the 14 chromosome, or to other chromosome numbers like 13, 15, or 22.
Correspondingly, how do you know if you have translocation?
Tests for chromosome translocations Genetic testing is available to find out whether a person carries a translocation. A simple blood test is done, and cells from the blood are examined in a laboratory to look at the arrangement of the chromosomes. This is called a karyotype test.
Keeping this in consideration, what is the difference between trisomy 21 and translocation Down syndrome?
There are no big differences between the patients who have translocation Down syndrome compared with those who have 3 separate copies of chromosome 21. This is called trisomy 21. That parent will actually have 45 total chromosomes in each cell of the body, but the parent will be normal and healthy.
Reciprocal translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by exchange of parts between non-homologous chromosomes. A gene fusion may be created when the translocation joins two otherwise-separated genes. It is detected on cytogenetics or a karyotype of affected cells.