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Thereof, why did cities have walls around them?
Cities in ancient Greece, China, and theMiddleEast erect massive stone walls of fired brick todefendagainst their enemies. Medieval cities across EuropeandAsia are known for their fortified walls, and fortheirgreat forms of military organization.
Similarly, you may ask, when did Cities stop having walls?
The walls of Madrid were torn down at asimilartime, in 1868. Some German towns still have them, and theCologneRingstraße was built around the old circulardefensivewalls. If you mean to ask when citiesstopped beingdesigned with walls, the answer is the1600s.
Each city-state wanted tohaveenough farmland to grow food. Who served as a linkbetweenthe Sumerians & the gods? Where a group of people thatgrew inpower due to trade rather than from winningbattles.